SCAI Expert Consensus Statement on the Classification of Cardiogenic Shock
Outcomes for patients with cardiogenic shock complicating MI have not significantly improved over the last 30 years despite the development of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support technologies and the national standard of emergent angioplasty and stenting.
SCAI convened a multi-disciplinary writing group comprised of leading experts in interventional and advanced heart failure, non-invasive cardiology, emergency medicine, critical care, and cardiac nursing to develop a classification system that will facilitate rapid assessment of patients, reassessment over time, and communication between providers.
The SCAI SHOCK pyramid is intended to provide clinicians and researchers with a unified and standardized vocabulary that will translate across all settings. Additionally, the system aims to facilitate recognition of risk for adverse outcomes, potential for benefit from various interventions and prognosis, with the goal of reducing mortality on an individual as well as a national scale.
- Read the document
- Download the stages of cardiogenic shock fact sheet
- Download the SCAI shock pyramid
- SCAI Previews an Expert Consensus Update to SCAI SHOCK Stage Classification
Teaching Slides
Share the SCAI Shock classification system with your colleagues using these teaching slides designed for easy dissemination.
Bedside Checklist
Validation Studies
- “Influence of intra-aortic balloon pump on mortality as a function of cardiogenic shock severity” (Jentzer, et al)
- “Clinical Outcomes Associated with Acute Mechanical Circulatory Support Utilization in Heart Failure Related Cardiogenic Shock” (Hernandez-Montfort, et al)
- “Incidence and outcomes of acute kidney injury stratified by cardiogenic shock severity” (Padkins, et al)
- “The Range of Cardiogenic Shock Survival by Clinical Stage: Data From the Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network Registry” (Lawler, et al)
- “Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Is Associated With Increased Mortality Across the Spectrum of Shock Severity in Cardiac Intensive Care Patients” (Jentzer, et al)
- “Defining Shock and Preshock for Mortality Risk Stratification in Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Patients” (Jentzer, et al)
- “The Stages of CS: Clinical and Translational Update” (Baran, et al)
- “Complete Hemodynamic Profiling With Pulmonary Artery Catheters in Cardiogenic Shock Is Associated With Lower In-Hospital Mortality” (Kapur, et al)
- “Prospective validation of the SCAI shock classification: Single center analysis” (Baran, et al)
- “Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment and Classification of In-Hospital Mortality Risk Among Patients With Cardiogenic Shock” (Thayer, et al)
- “Understanding Cardiogenic Shock Severity and Mortality Risk Assessment” (Jentzer, et al)
- “SCAI shock classification in acute myocardial infarction: Insights from the National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative” (Hanson, et al)
- “Cardiogenic Shock Classification to Predict Mortality in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit” (Jentzer, et al)
- “Admission SCAI shock stage stratifies post-discharge mortality risk in cardiac intensive care unit patients” (Jentzer, et al)
- “Application of the SCAI classification in a cohort of patients with cardiogenic shock” (Westermann, et al)
- “SCAI cardiogenic shock classification after out of hospital cardiac arrest and association with outcome?”
Shock Education On Demand
Complete these online educational activities to learn more about advances in cardiogenic shock treatment in the cath lab.