These evidence-based guidelines and accompanying technical review aim to support patients, clinicians, and other stakeholders in decisions about management of PFO. Key recommendations address patient selection for PFO closure in the prevention of recurrent PFO-associated stroke, including populations not commonly included in randomized studies, and scenarios where the PFO closure might serve a role in the prevention of other outcomes such as migraine headaches and decompression illness. The panel has also identified future research priorities to advance the field.

All authors: Clifford J. Kavinsky, MD, PhD, MSCAI (Chair); Molly Szerlip, MD, FSCAI (Vice-Chair); Andrew M. Goldsweig, MD, MS, FSCAI; Zahid Amin, MD, MSCAI; Konstantinos Dean Boudoulas, MD, FSCAI; John D. Carroll, MD, MSCAI; Megan Coylewright, MD, MPH, FSCAI; Sammy Elmariah, MD, MPH, FSCAI; Lee A. MacDonald, MD, FSCAI; Atman P. Shah, MD, FSCAI; Christian Spies, MD, FSCAI; Jonathan M. Tobis, MD, MSCAI; Steven R. Mess MD; Emily Senerth, MS; Yngve Falck-Ytter, MD; Ifeoluwa Babatunde, PharmD, MS; and Rebecca L. Morgan, PhD, MPH.